The history of Crotone, or ancient Kroton, is rich and intricate with events that have marked its destiny and shaped its identity. Located on the Ionian coast of Calabria, this city has experienced moments of splendor and crisis, but has always been able to recover, renew itself and continue to play a significant role in Italian history.
Greek Foundation and Splendour
Like many cities of Magna Graecia, Crotone also has its roots in ancient Greece. Founded in 710 BC. by Achaean settlers, the city quickly established itself as one of the main cultural, economic and military centers of the region. The presence of Pythagoras and his school, as we have seen, contributed to consolidating this reputation.
Conflicts and Rivalries
The growing importance of Crotone did not go unnoticed. In 510 BC, a conflict with nearby Sybaris culminated in the destruction of the latter, further consolidating the power of Crotone. But this didn’t last long. In 480 BC, Crotone was defeated by Locri, another powerful city of Magna Graecia, marking a period of decline.
The Roman Domination
With Rome’s increasing expansion into southern Italy, Crotone became an allied city of Rome in 277 BC. It then became a Roman colony in 194 BC, marking the beginning of a new chapter in its history. Under Roman rule, Crotone enjoyed peace and prosperity, becoming an important port and commercial center.
The Middle Ages and the Invasions
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Crotone went through a period of instability. It was invaded by the Goths, then by the Byzantines and subsequently by the Arabs. Each invasion left its mark, but it was during Byzantine rule that Crotone experienced a new period of splendor, becoming a key fortress in the defense of southern Italy.
The Renaissance and the Modern Age
With the arrival of the Renaissance, Crotone, like many other Italian cities, experienced a period of cultural renewal. It was during this period that many of the architectures that we can admire today were built, such as its majestic castle.
The 20th Century and the Rebirth
After a period of relative tranquility, the 20th century brought new challenges. During the Second World War, Crotone was bombed and suffered significant damage. However, in the post-war period, the city experienced a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth, becoming an important industrial and port centre.
in Conclusion
The history of Crotone is a testimony to the resilience and adaptability of this city. From the days of ancient Greece to modern times, Crotone has always been able to face challenges, adapt and thrive. Walking through its streets, it is possible to feel the presence of centuries of history and understand the profound connection between past and present that characterizes this fascinating city.